TUGAS SOFTSKILL 2

^{TUGAS 2}

^{1.  Ethical principles of the accounting profession according to IFAC AICPA IAI}

^{A. Code of Ethics The Fundamentals of IFAC Professional Accountants are as follows:}

^{·         Integrity}

^{A professional accountant must be firm and honest in all his involvement in professional and business relationships.}

^{·         Objectivity}

^{A professional accountant should not allow biases, conflicts of interest, or excessive influence from others to rule out professional or business judgment.}

^{·         Professional competence and sincerity}

^{A professional accountant must act diligently and in accordance with applicable technical and professional standards in providing professional services.}

^{·         Confidentiality}

^{A professional accountant must respect the confidentiality of information obtained as a result of business relationships and business professionals shall not disclose such information to third parties, without proper and specific authority unless there is a legal or professional right or obligation to disclose.}

^{·         Professional Behavior}

^{A professional accountant must be obedient to relevant laws and regulations and should avoid actions that may discredit the profession.The ethical principles}

^{B. According to the AICPA are as follows:}

^{·         Responsible}

^{in carrying out their responsibilities as professionals, members should apply sensitive professional and moral judgments in all their activities.}

^{·         Public interest}

^{members must accept their obligation to act in a manner that serves the public interest, respect for public trust, and demonstrate a commitment to professionalism.}

^{·         Integrity}

^{to maintain and extend public trust, members must perform all professional responsibilities with the highest integrity.}

^{·         Objectivity and Independence}

^{A member shall maintain objectivity and be free from conflicts of interest in carrying out professional responsibility, and shall be independent in presenting facts and views when providing audit services and other attestation services.}

^{·         Due Care}

^{a member must comply with the technical and ethical standards of the profession, strive continuously to improve competence and service in carrying out the professional responsibilities with the best members ability.}

^{·         Nature and Service Coverage}

^{a member in public practice shall observe the Principles of the Professional Code of Ethics in determining the scope and nature of the services to be provided.}

^{C. Ethical principles according to IAI in Congress VIII of 1998 which has been determined:}

^{·         Profession Responsibility}

^{In the principle of professional responsibility, each member is obliged to use moral and professional considerations for each activity.}

^{·         Public Interest}

^{Each member is obliged to always act within the framework of public service, respect for public trust, and demonstrate a commitment to professionalism.}

^{·         Integrity}

^{Integrity is a unity that underlies the emergence of professional recognition. Integrity is a quality that underlies public trust and is a standard for members in testing all decisions it makes.}

^{·         Objectivity}

^{The principle of objectivity requires members to be fair, impartial, honest, intellectual, unbiased or biased, and free from conflict of interest or under the influence of others}

2. Understanding of elements and Examples of accounting systems

^{A. Understanding Accounting Systems According to Experts Warren, Reeve, Fees (2005: 234)}

^{According to Warren, Reeve, Fees, Accounting systems are methods and procedures for collecting, clarifying, summarizing, and reporting information on a company's business (operational) and financial activities.}

^{B. Elements of the accounting system are:}

^{§    Form}

^{A form is a document used to record or record a transaction event. In the form there are transaction data that can be used as a basis in recording.}

^{§    Journal}

^{Journal is an accounting system undertaken to record, group similar transactions, and summarize other financial data. The results of data summaries are then posted to the respective accounts in the ledger. Commonly used Journals form are as follows:}

^{- Journal of Cash Receipts, which is a journal that is provided specifically for mecatat cash receipts transactions.}

^{- Journal of Cash Expenditures, which is a special journal provided to record all types of cash expenditures.}

^{- Journal of Purchase, the journal used to record purchases on credit. Cash purchases fit into cash disbursement journals.}

^{- Sales Journal, which is a journal that is provided specifically to record sales transactions on credit.}

^{Cash sales are included in the cash receipts journal.}

^{- General Journals, these are typically reserved for keeping track of bookkeeping adjustments, correction of transactions and anything else that can not be recorded in special journals.}

^{§    General Ledger}

^{The ledger consists of a set of accounts that serve to summarize the financial data previously recorded in the journal. The ledger account is also considered as a place for the classification of financial data for the presentation of financial statements.}

^{§    Subsidiary Ledger}

^{Auxiliary book contains auxiliary accounts in detailing financial data, such as grouping the types of transactions that occur in one company with one another.}

^{§    Report}

^{The report is the end result of the accounting process in the form of balance sheet, income statement, capital change report, marketing cost report, production cost report, cost of goods sold report, debt list, inventory balance list.}

^{C. Examples of Accounting Systems}

^{Here are some examples of accounting systems, including:}

^{§    Management accounting}

^{The purpose of management accounting is to provide accounting information to managers for the purposes of planning, controlling, and managing business operations.}

^{§    Inventory Accounting}

^{Inventory accounting systems are used to plan and track inventory levels, as well as related inventory activities. One of the common inventory systems is bar code tracking, where each item is marked with a bar code item.}

^{§    Non Profit Accounting}

^{Non-profit accounting is an accounting system for nonprofits that have specific characteristics of reporting requirements. For example about the fund tracking system, so donations given for certain purposes can be known to have been channeled correctly. The software should also be able to generate reports of total donations donated by individual donors.}

SUMBER

https://dwiyustiyanita.wordpress.com/2016/11/04/prinsip-prinsip-etika-profesi-akuntansi-menurut-aicpa-iai-ifac/

^{https://www.jurnal.id/id/blog/2017/pengertian-unsur-dan-  contoh-sistem-akuntansi}

TUGAS SOFTSKILL 1

^{TUGAS 1}

1. Accounting ethics code

^{Code of ethics of accounting profession is very important because to prevent the occurrence of fraud (fraud). The Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI) is a recognized organization of the Indonesian accounting profession profession. The Indonesian Institute of Accountants - The Public Accountant Compartment (IAI-KAP) is a forum for Indonesian accountants who run the profession as public accountants or work in public accounting firms. In order to be a good accountant, accountants must adhere to the rules and requirements that qualify it as a professional accountant. With this code of ethics, accountants are not only required to have hardskill related accounting skills. However, accountants are also required to have good and moral behavior related to work.}

2. Accounting principles

^{·         The Principles of Economic Entities}

^{Entity Economic Principles or entity unity principle is defined as the concept of business unity. In other words accounting assumes that a company is an economic entity that stands alone and separated from other economic entities even with the personal owners. Accounting thus separates and distinguishes all recording transactions both wealth and corporate liabilities with private owners of the company.}

^{·         Principles of the Accounting Period}

^{In the principle of the accounting period or the principle of the period is the valuation and reporting of the company's finances which is limited by a certain period of time. Suppose a company runs its business on an accounting period, from 1 January to 31 December.}

^{·         Historical Cost Principle}

^{This principle requires that any goods or services obtained are then recorded on the basis of all expenses incurred in obtaining them. So when there is a purchase with the process of bargaining, for example when the company wants to buy a building in the ad installed price of 150 million but after dinego only 100 million then that is assessed or recorded is the price of the deal that is 100 million.}

^{·         Principle of Monetary Unit}

^{In this principle, transaction recording is only expressed in the form of currency and without involving non-qualitative matters. All records are limited to everything that can be measured and judged by the unit of money. Non-qualitative transactions (quality, achievement, etc.) can not be reported or can not be valued in money.}

^{·         Principles of Business Continuity}

^{This principle assumes that an economic or business entity will run on an ongoing or continuous basis without any dissolution or discontinuation unless there are certain events that can disprove it.}

^{·         The Principle of Full Disclosure}

^{The financial statements should have the principle of full disclosure in presenting informative and fully publicized information. And if there is information that can not be presented in the financial statements then be given additional information. This additional information may be a footnote or an attachment.}

^{·         Revenue Recognition Principles}

^{Revenue arises from an increase in assets generated by business activities such as sales, revenue-sharing and others. Revenue is acknowledged when there is certainty about the amount or nominal good large / small that can be measured accurately with the property obtained from the sale of goods and services transactions.}

^{·         The Principles of Gathering}

^{The purpose of the matching principle in accounting is the cost that is met with the revenue received with the objective of determining the net profit / gross of each period. For example, in advance revenue transactions. This principle is very dependent on the determination of income, if the recognition of income is delayed then the charge on the cost also can not be done.}

^{·         Principles of Consistency}

^{The Consistency Principle is defined as the accounting principles used in fixed financial reporting and used consistently (unchanged methods and procedures). The goal is that the resulting financial statements can be compared with financial statements in the previous period so that it can provide more benefits for its users.}

^{·         Principle of Materiality}

^{The accounting principle has a purpose to uniform all rules. But the reality is not all the application of accounting that obey the existing theory, it is not uncommon disclosure of information that is material or immaterial. Everything is applied in accordance with the domain of accounting oriented to users of financial statements.}

^{SUMBER :}

^{https://yuniariani37.wordpress.com/2016/12/26/kode-etik-profesi-akuntansi-etika-profesi-akuntansi/}

^{https://www.jurnal.id/id/blog/2017/10-prinsip-akuntansi-yang-perlu-anda-ketahui}